State English learner education policy: A conceptual framework to guide comprehensive policy action

This article proposes a framework for state level education policies for English learners (ELs). The framework identifies nine key areas for comprehensive state policy action: (1) addressing diversity in EL skills and needs, (2) assessing ELs, (3) classification and reclassification, (4) core content access, (5) English language development instruction, (6) bilingual education, (7) EL funding, (8) teacher preparation and skills, and (9) pre-K through postsecondary alignment. The authors present research for each of these key areas and discuss policy implications. The article concludes with recommendations for how the framework can be used to examine current state EL policies and to guide future policymaking.