The Role of Acculturation in Reading a Second Language: Its Relation to English Literacy Skills in Immigrant Chinese Adolescents

The main purpose of this study was to bridge the gap between the literature on cognitive variables related to English literacy learning skills, as suggested by the simple view of reading, and the literature on sociocultural variables, specifically acculturation. The sample consisted of 94 Chinese immigrant adolescents from grades 7-12 in Waterloo Region in and the metropolitan Toronto area of Ontario, Canada. Acculturation was measured by a questionnaire. Literacy skills, including vocabulary, reading fluency, and reading comprehension, were assessed individually using standardized tests. Hierarchical regression analyses reveal that degrees of acculturation to Canadian culture positively predicted English literacy skills after controlling for length of residence in Canada. Interestingly, acculturation explained unique variance in reading beyond variables in the simple view of reading, suggesting the independent contribution of sociocultural factors to second-language reading in adolescent English learners.