This program is designed to improve the education of limited English proficient (LEP) children and youths by helping them learn English and meet challenging state academic content and student academic achievement standards. The program provides enhanced instructional opportunities for immigrant children and youths. Funds are distributed to states based on a formula that takes into account the number of immigrant and LEP students in each state.
The National Professional Development Program provides professional development activities intended to improve instruction for limited English proficient (LEP) students and assists education personnel working with such children to meet high professional standards.

The Foreign Language Assistance Program, also known as FLAP, holds the distinction as the only federally funded program that exclusively targets foreign language instruction in elementary and secondary schools. Funded under Title V of the No Child Left Behind Act (2001), FLAP provides 3-year grants to states and local school districts to establish, improve, or expand innovative kindergarten through grade twelve modal programs.
The Native American and Alaska Native Children in School Program provides grants for eligible entities that support language instruction projects for limited English proficient (LEP) children from Native American, Alaska Native, native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander backgrounds. The program is designed to ensure that LEP children master English and meet the same rigorous standards for academic achievement that all children are expected to meet. Funds may support the study of Native American languages.